Biochemical Engineering2 essays

Biochemical Engineering2 essays How would you like to examine physical properties of a wide array of different animals? Not only that but also research the processes of many organisms? If this sounds exciting, then biochemical engineering is the best career choice for you! Biochemists find many amazing things. For example, a biochemist discovered that increased flexing of a certain pelvic muscle helps to stimulate the activity in your brain. If you wanted a great job like this college is not always required. You can get internships with companies. In these internships you help out fellow scientist in there everyday duties. That can lead to self employed jobs which you control the experiments and do what you please. But this doesnt happen often, most of the time you will need to go to college for at least two years for your bachelors degree. Studies at Rutgers University for Chemistry include general chemistry for engineers, introduction to computers for engineers, engineering lectures, calculus, and physics. After you finish college the money will be rollin in. Biochemical engineers in Wisconsin make anywhere between $38,873 and $47,403 per year. For example there is a job in Madison as a product evaluation specialist for a prominent biotechnology firm. They evaluate the operation of new products and their effects. Now you see that this is a very fun, exciting, and promising job. I would recommend seeing your guidance councilor to see what local colleges would best suit your biochemical interests. Biochemistry: Protein Arrays Step Out of DNAs Shadow!, Science Service, Robert F.; 9-8-2000 http://sol.rutgets.edu/Web2000/biochem.html ...

Quantitative easing - Emphasis

Quantitative easing Quantitative easing Look out for the latest innocent-sounding financial buzz-phrase that hides some very big news indeed. This one sounds more benign than sub-prime loans. Yet its effects could be just as far reaching, if not more so. That phrase is quantitative easing. It may sound like the lesson you forgot in physics class, as Gerard Baker of The Times has put it. But its actually what governments do when theyve run out of options. It means, essentially, printing more money. Its what the Japanese central bank did when its economy went belly-up in 2001. (It had already driven interest rates close to zero.) As we write, UK business secretary Lord Mandelson is strongly denying that quantitative easing is even on the agenda. But the US Federal Reserve has already decided to do it, in order to buy up long-term debt. The theory is this lowers the interest rates on these assets, so that loans in general become cheaper and money starts to move around the economy again. A cynic might say that the jargon is there to hide whats really going on, just as collateral damage sounds better than killing innocent civilians. Whether thats true or not, youre likely to hear it more and more soon: when we searched on Google for the (exact) phrase we got well over three hundred thousand results.

Shinto Current Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Shinto Current Issues - Essay Example In this respect, religions of the Oriental world appear to be extremely interesting for research and deductive in their heart from the perspective of their main principle of leading a spiritual life in harmony with inner and outer world. One of such confessions or rather to say ways of life is the Shinto religion. So, lets consider common characteristics of Shintoism and Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Daoism, Confucianism in general and a specific contemporary state of Shintoism in particular. â€Å"Today, if you ask what religion they follow, most Japanese would say that they do not follow any religion† (Miyamoto, 2011).The same image appears in other countries of the Oriental world, for its peoples really don’t confess any religion but abide this or that living philosophy. One way or another, there is nothing surprising in the fact that all nations of the same semantically unionized area share some common traits in their believes. As it has been mentioned above, Shintoism, Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Daoism and Confucianism advocate the same key principle of a balanced life within nature and the world. It refers to a grateful and favorable attitude towards everything of animated and inanimate nature, as any creature comes laden with a particular meaning for the world (everything has its sole). Moreover, a destiny of stones, trees, animals, humans is defined by their positively or negatively lived being, which is led by a particular way of thinking. As a r esult, souls are degenerated influenced by deeds and their effects while living. Hence, there is another common characteristic, that is, a belief in circulation of life and death, reincarnation of soul into bodies of inanimate subjects, animals, humans and gods (Bumb, 2010). Polytheism is the next common denominator of the Oriental religions, since there are numerous gods, the great people and

Use of Internet for Sex Crimes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Use of Internet for Sex Crimes - Research Paper Example With this growing problem, what have the law enforcement agencies done to address this problem? Different researches were conducted on the activities of law enforcement agencies and other agencies involved and it revealed that the federal and state government, law enforcement agencies, different task forces and other such agencies have roles in suppressing this crime. Despite the involvement of these agencies involvement of citizens and the private sector is indispensable in solving this problem. Law enforcement is confronted with the challenge of dealing with crimes which are not necessarily expected in criminal statutes (Wolak, Mitchell & Finkelhor, 2003). Hence, law enforcement has to ‘master technical advances,’ widen their investigative techniques, and now handle criminal cases that may be under the so-called multiple jurisdictions (2003). According to a study made by the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, law enforcement has made estimated arrests of around 2,577 in the twelve months since they started in 01 July 2000 (2003). These internet sex crimes include sexual assaults which may either be completed or attempted; use of the internet by illegal means in order to transmit materials sexual in content and to solicit minors; the production, distribution and possession of internet child pornography; webcam offenses, stalking and other related offenses (2003). The law enforcement also uses investigative resources to hunt down or find out the offenders (2003). Law enforcement has taken action in order to fight this crime of internet sex crimes especially against minors (2003). Among the actions taken are the establishment of specialized units in the federal agencies like the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the U.S. Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement and the U.S. Postal Inspection Service. Funding for Internet Crimes Against Children Task

Analysis of the Cultural Differences of Coca Cola Essay Example for Free

Analysis of the Cultural Differences of Coca Cola Essay 1 A Summary 1.1 A one-page summary which outlines, in no more than three short paragraphs (and preferably just one) what the report says 1.2 You should write this last 1.3 It should be in the third person and present tense. e.g. The report considers the arguments in favour of Quality Circles and makes recommendations about their adoption. . 2 An Introduction 2.1 This should give a brief explanation of the aims/context of the report, and should include details of any information necessary for the reader to understand it. e.g. company size; structure; main activities; your role/position; etc. 3 The Main Body of the Report 3.1 This is where you present your main account of the problem or issue you are writing about. 3.1.1 It should be based on analysis, not intuition, e.g. avoid writing I feel 3.1.2 You must backup what you write with evidence and/or argument. This means you must substantiate each assertion you make with evidence, e.g. extracts from the company annual report, staff survey, recent appraisal, interviews, etc. 31.3 You must support opinions with specific examples/evidence (e.g. from a consultant’s report) or by building a logical argument based on previously cited examples/evidence 3.1.4 You should make a clear distinction between objective facts and personal opinions. 3.2 Ideally this section should be divided into numbered paragraphs like this briefing sheet, showing which section the paragraph belongs to. 3.3 Headings for each sub-section should be underlined or in bold. 3.4 Consider presenting material in the form of diagrams, charts, etc. wherever appropriate. These are not only easier to grasp, but also reduce the word count. 4 Conclusions 4.1 This is where you sum up the general conclusions you have reached, such as The very low staff morale is a result of an autocratic management style. 4.2 Dont confuse conclusions (where you draw together the threads of the preceding discussion to make some overall points) with recommendations (where you say what should be done about the conclusions you have reached). 4.3 It is sometimes a good idea to present your conclusions in the form of a bullet list, like this: †¢ Conclusion 1 †¢ Conclusion 2 †¢ Etc. 5 Recommendations 5.1 This is where you list the actions which your conclusions lead you to believe are necessary, e.g. The team leader should attend a course in modern approaches to management 5.2 The recommendations must be based on the analysis and conclusions. 5.3 Wherever possible, you should include a clear indication of: o The priorities o The timescale / deadlines for completion o Who is to be responsible for taking and/or monitoring the recommended action o To whom any action should be reported o From who authorisation must be sought o The financial budget or source of funds o Other costs/resource implications o Etc. 6 The List of References 6.1 This is the list of sources referred to directly in your report. If you have mentioned a writer or a book (even a course book) you must give full details here of: o The writer(s) or editors o The date of publication o The title o The publisher 6 The Bibliography (if any) 6.1 The bibliography is where you list details of any books or other sources you have consulted in preparing your report which you think it would be useful for your reader to know about or be able to consult. You should give the details outlined in the section on references above.

Comparative Criminal Justice: United states and China

Comparative Criminal Justice: United states and China Compare and contrast two different types of criminal justice systems. The two criminal justice systems that shall be discussed in this paper are those of the United States and that of the Peoples Republic of China. When comparing and contrasting these two systems one should start with the premises that both are instituted in their reciprocal countries in the attempt to curb the proliferation of crime, offenders and deter potential offenders. Both the U.S. and Chinas criminal justice systems make use of a court system, police enforcement organizations and detention and correctional facilities on a regional biases. However this is as much as similarities go as the two systems are radically different since they are based on ideologically opposing government structures. The U.S government is based on a free market capitalist economy supported by a representative democracy. On the other hand that of China is founded on a social communist ideology. As for demographic figures, the U.S. has roughly 355 million citizens while China has over one billion, which makes up one fourth of the world population. Klaus MÃ ¼hlhahn (2009), in his book Criminal Justice in China, states that Peoples Republic of China (P.R.C.) was established as a socialist country in 1949. From that point onwards efforts have been made to enact basic laws concerning criminal justice administration and enforced nationwide. The U.S. government is hierarchally based on a unified organization where power is shared between the federal and state governments. Therefore this means that the political system secures autonomy of each state in the U.S. but at the same time adopting a centralized government (Gaines and Miller, 2006). The U.S. justice system is derived from the British common law tradition. Common law is the law that is agreed upon by the common people and exists in two forms, Lex Scripta (written law) and Lex non Scripta (unwritten law). On the other hand MÃ ¼hlhahn (2009), says that the Chinese justice system is quite difficult to put under one unitary system. This is due to the fact that the Chinese criminal justice system was repeatedly reorganized in the wake of political changes and internal party disputes. MÃ ¼hlhahn (2009) also notes that the Chinese justice system under socialism is not an independent administrative system but was integrated into a network of social control and political mobilization. The Chinese Criminal Law is based on the ideological precepts of Marxism, Leninism and Mao Zedong. Its tasks are to use punishments to resist against all revolutionary or criminal acts in order to safeguard the system of the peoples democratic dictatorship. The police forces of the United States are the successors of Militias originally instituted in the early colonies to protect the population and control the Native Americans. The different forming States developed their own security forces and these operated autonomously. Major cities instituted their own police forces, which functioned under the control of a city government (Gaines and Miller, 2006). Currently the U.S. police forces are structured on local/city/county and federal/state levels, thus having a federal system. All local policing duties are shared between local municipalities and counties. Cities, towns and villages have the capability to institute their own police forces, while others, usually rural localities, rely on a county Sheriffs department for the task of enforcement and policing. Usually the size of police forces in the U.S. is directly proportional to the population of the area being controlled. The 50 States forming the U.S. also have their own police forces that are ascribed to different regions and often patrolling undeveloped rural areas. The job of such agencies include investigating crimes against the state such as alcohol licensing violations or welfare fraud, fish and game violations, and highway traffic infractions (Gaines and Miller, 2006). According to a statistic of the U.S. Department of Justice (2008), on average the ratio of police to population in the U.S. is about 2.3 officers per thousand residents, however larger cities have higher ratios. That force ratio has remained steady for nearly three decades at around 2.21-2.34 police officers per 1000 civilian population. Next up on the U.S. hierarchal police system is the Federal Governments police force that subdivided into various other agencies. There is the Federal Bureau of Investigation, which is independent of any administration. The F.B.I. intervenes when federal laws are infringed, an interstate crime is committed, or if national security is threatened. However the last case scenario has been taken over by the Department of Homeland Security established after the attacks of September 11th 2001. The U.S. has about 20 federal law enforcement agencies, which also include the Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigation, U.S. Secret Service, Postal Inspection Service and U.S. Marshals Service. Further more there exist the Drug Enforcement Agency, the Treasury Department, the Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearm Agency and the U.S. Customs officials that deal with border violations while the Immigration and Naturalization Services deal with illegal immigrants. However this specialization of the diffe rent policing agencies has its drawbacks. Problems can arise due to jurisdictional issues, when what one should really take care of is the upholding and maintenance of the law (Gaines and Miller, 2006). The P.R.C. employs around 2 million police officers, of which most work is small offices that serve communities of roughly 10,000 citizens. The main policing agency in the P.R.C. is the Peoples Armed Police (PAP), which includes about 700,000 officers. This agency was instituted in 1983 and was formed by incorporating disbanded units of the Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) on domestic defence duty and armed frontier defence and fire fighting. The rise of the PAP shows how Chinese leadership in many ways is more concerned about domestic security than foreign threats (MÃ ¼hlhahn, 2009). The PAPs main task is to deal with domestic disturbances, by acting as riot police, guarding government compounds and also foreign embassies. It usually handles border defence but is called in sometimes to back up local police. Recently it has been employed to suppress anti-government protest. The Public Security Service (PSB) is both a local police and the Chinese equivalent of the CIA in the U.S. The P. R.C. justice system also employs paramilitary armed police and more than 1 million security guards. Quasi-police force known as cheng guan also operates in China. These carry out tasks deemed unpopular by the citizens, such as collecting fines and tax money, often these are just thugs hired by the official police. In December 2008, the Chinese government announced the creation of a new special unit aimed at cracking down on gun-related crimes and organized crime such as organized prostitution, gambling, drug production and trafficking. The public security budget was raised by nearly a third in 2009 to $4.2 billion in part to address concerns about unrest in Tibet and western China and trouble brought about by unemployed workers and other problems associated with the economic crisis in 2008 and 2009 In the past, police agencies in the US have been accused of corruption and the Good-Old Boy network of hiring practices. Recently, charges of racism, racial profiling, and use of excessive force have been made by concerned citizens and organizations. Family members of crime victims often become infuriated with police for their incompetence and unwillingness to make an effort to solve crimes that affect them. Chinese police have a reputation for being corrupt and connected to smuggling. They are regarded with suspicion by ordinary Chinese, particularly in rural areas. Police have traditionally been more involved in maintaining government control than solving crimes. As for the US court system, this is a dual judiciary system, of which the two constituent parts (federal and state) function independent of each other. The federal judiciary system includes district courts, circuit courts of appeals, and the United Stated Supreme Court. The state system includes trial courts at the local and state levels, intermediate courts of appeal, and state Supreme Court (Gaines and Miller, 2006). The primary agents working along each other are the judge, prosecutor, and defence attorneys in the U.S. system. As already stated the U.S. follows the principles of Common law, that were inherited from English jurisprudence. This tradition holds that a decision taken in court is always made on the basis of the Rule of Precedent. This means that each case previously resolved serves as reference and guide for new cases. New aspects of law may be determined or discovered and thus a precedent arises. The U.S. justice system allows for presumption of innocence until proven guilty, plea-bargaining, trial by jury, and the right to a speedy trial (Gaines and Miller, 2006). Such aspects make the justice system in the U.S. more flexible and makes it easier to meet citizens the needs. The penal system of the U.S., like the judicial system, branches into federal, state and local levels. The prison system is supported by governmental funds, in the form of tax revenue from federal (corporate income), state (sales) and local (taxes) revenues. Is also receives funding through Inter-governmental transfer, in the form of federal grants and state grants. Sentences in the US justice system tend to be significantly longer than in China and many states have adopted the three strikes law which forces judges to sentence a defendant to life imprisonment for their third felony offense. The penal system in the US is facing major problems due to overcrowding, gang and drug activity within the prisons, the imprisonment of mentally ill individuals, increase of sex offenders, and extremely violent offenders. Privatization of the prison systems is being adopted in many regions of the country as prisons are becoming more and more overcrowded. Juvenile offenses and crimes in the US vary in each state and all are dependent on the age of the defendant. For example, in New York State, a juvenile status is considered if the individual is more than 7 but less than 16 year old, unless it is murder then the individual can be 13 or if charged with rape then the defendant can be as young as 14. Contrary to the French system, the tendency in New York and possibly in the rest of the US is to treat the offender as an adult and increase the levels of punishment including incarceration. Gaines, Larry K. and Roger Le Roy Miller, Criminal Justice in Action (2006). http://www.project.org/info.php?recordID=33 http://www.lectlaw.com/files/int10.htm Klaus MÃ ¼hlhahn, Criminal Justice in China: A History, Harvard University Press (2009)

The Chronic Lyme Disease Health And Social Care Essay

Lyme disease is a terrible public wellness issue. It is the most common tick-borne infection in the northern hemisphere of the universe ( Feder et al 2007 ) . In North America it is caused entirely by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu strict ( henceforth referred to as B. burgdorferi ) , while in Europe it is caused by B. afzelii, B. garinii, B. burgdorferi, and infrequently by other sorts of borrelia ( Feder et al 2007 ) . Lyme disease can be reasonably easy to handle in some patients. However, for some patients, it can go like an eternal conflict. Chronic Lyme disease ( CLD ) , which has been making much contention, is a systemic, disabling status which persists in malice of the therapy. There is an on-going argument if there is such a disease that can be classified as a CLD among scientists. Because of the fact that there is no defined trial for the presence of CLD, health care suppliers have to trust to a great extent on patients symptoms in most of the instances of reoccurrence. Furthe rmore, as CLD patients represent a instance of Heterogeneity of Treatment Effect ( HTE ) which indicates patient ‘s response to the same intervention varies in different patients, it makes it harder to generalise the definition of CLD. Different Lyme patients have different responses to a standardised intervention. ( Green 2009 ) Furthermore, the intervention of the CLD is ill-defined at this minute ( Marques 2008 ) ; hence making the uncertainty if there is of all time a disease to be cured. Some scientists suggest utilizing antibiotics as a intervention for CLD ( Stricker 2007 ) while others consider it as a mistreatment ( Hodzic et al 2008 ) . In this paper, I will get down with the general information of Lyme disease and analyze the groundss of the being of CLD. Furthermore, I will discourse the way of the farther surveies for the intervention of the disease based on the surveies that were conducted throughout the clip. Besides, I will take a expression at the opposing side of the statement claiming nonentity of CLD and discourse the exposure that their claim possesses.Why does the being of CLD affair?Lyme disease in the United States of America is bit by bit increasing over old ages, and the coverage instances of Lyme disease in 2009 is making 38,000 instances which is twice every bit much compared to the instances in 2006 which was 20,000. ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2009 ) ( Figure 1 ) The country of infection has broadened, and health care suppliers have seen Lyme disease instances in about all provinces in the United States. However, it is still true that most reported instances are significantly con centrated in the Middle atlantic States, Minnesota, coastal Northeast, and northern California. Lyme disease can be found in the other continent including Asia and Europe. ( NIH 2008 ) Therefore, a batch of patients are enduring from Lyme disease and it is estimated that more than 30 % of Lyme disease patients reach the phase where the symptoms are relentless more than few hebdomads despite the intervention. ( NIH 2008 ) However, irrespective the figure of patients who are enduring from these conditions referred as CLD, there is still an on-going argument sing being and intervention of this disease. Approximately 11,400 people were enduring from CLD in 2009 harmonizing to the coverage instances of 38,000 and 30 % rate of going CLD. In a terrible instance ( Cameron 2006 ) , about 66 % of 215 Lyme disease patients diagnosed in Westchester County, New York, USA remained sick after intervention for an norm of 3.2 old ages. If this affair remains unsolved, it will ensue a effect where pa tients can non acquire a proper intervention for CLD. It is an pressing affair for scientists to happen out a solid intervention to profit those patients.So, does CLD be?Lyme disease, a many-sided infection, has a legion aim symptoms including febrility, concern, stiff cervix, and fatigue. The most typical and common symptom of Lyme disease is a characteristic tegument lesion called erythema migrans ( EM ) roseola which appears in the early phase of Lyme disease. On the other manus, the most common symptom that can be seen in CLD is pauciarticular arthritis, and certain neurologic and cardiac manifestations, all of which normally respond good to conventional antibiotic therapy. ( NIH 2008 ) Other than symptoms, there are several groundss to turn out the being of CLD. As mentioned in the beginning, it is estimated that 30 % of Lyme disease patients develop farther status called CLD. Although after the antibiotic intervention take attention of the infection in most instances ( Klempner et al. 2001 ) , a minority of patients have musculoskeletal hurting, concentration trouble, short-run memory trouble, weariness, or all of these symptoms with or without clinical or serologic grounds of old early or late Lyme disease. ( Feder et al. 2007 ) It is thought to be a CLD when a patient exhibits these self-limiting and normally mild conditions longer than about 6 months. ( Nau et al. 2009 ) Thirty-four per centum of a population-based, retrospective cohort survey in Massachusetts was discovered to hold neurocognitive damage, arthritis or recurrent arthralgias, and neuropathy or myelopathy, a mean of 6 old ages after intervention for Lyme disease. ( Cameron 2010 ) In a cohort survey of 215 in turn treated Lyme disease patients in Westchester County ( Asch et al. 1994 ) , 62 per centum of patients had symptoms such as arthralgias, arthritis, and cardiac or neurologic engagement with or without weariness a mean of 3.2 old ages after intervention. ( Cameron 2010 ) In the tests of Klempner et Al. ( 2001 ) , there were studies that 41 % of topics exhibiting with well-documented, antecedently treated Lyme disease had relentless musculoskeletal hurting, neurocognitive symptoms, or dysesthesia, frequently associated with weariness and were ill during a mean of 4.7 old ages after oncoming. In a survey utilizing mice ( Hodzic et al. 2008 ) , relentless infection was documented by feeding ticks upon the mice and so proving the ticks for spirochaetes ( xenodiagnosis ) after 30 yearss of antibiotic ( Rocephin or Vibramycin ) intervention. This infection could be detected by xenodiagnosis for about 3 months after antibiotic intervention. Besides, relentless infection was confirmed by sensing of low degrees of spirochetal DNA in tissues for up to 9 months. Furthermore, Four National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) sponsored tests were conducted as double-blind randomised placebo- controlled tests ( RCTs ) corroborating the being and badness of CLD ( Cameron 2010 )There are still uncertaintiesThe 2006 Infectious Diseases Society of America ( IDSA ) Lyme disease intervention guideline panel inquired the being of CLD despite the documented grounds that were presented including the 1s provinces above. The IDSA panel questioned the being of CLD and concluded by stating that there is considerable contention and confusion exist over the cause and frequence of this procedure and even over its being. ( Cameron 2010 ) Besides, some of CLD patients have negative consequence with the trials provided to find Lyme disease thereby does non measure up for the intervention. ( Green 2009 ) CDC ( 2010 ) proposes a two-step process when proving blood to find manifestation of Lyme disease. The first measure uses an ELISA or IFA trial. If ELISA or IFA is negative, it is considered that patient most likely does non hold Lyme disease, and no farther testing is recommended. If they are positive or ambiguous, a 2nd measure should be carried out to verify the consequences. These trials can give a falsified consequence due to its sensitiveness of the trials are comparatively high. Therefore, about everyone with Lyme disease, and some people who do non hold Lyme disease, will prove positive. The 2nd measure employs an immunoblot such as a Western smudge or striped smudge trial. When used suitably, this trial is designed to be specific, significance that it will typically be positive merely with an septic individual. It suggests that the first trial was a false positive if the Western smudge is negative. Furthermore, the fact there is no definite trials to name or intervention to bring around CLD causes a uncertainty whether there is an existent disease to be treated. ( Green 2009 )Further groundss of CLDLyme disease is diagnosed based on physical findings, symptoms, and a history of possible debut to infected ticks.A ( Klempner et al. 2001 ) Validated laboratory trials such as ELISA, IFA, and immunoblot could be really utile but are non recommended in general when a patient has erythema migrans.A Several signifiers of research lab proving for Lyme disease are offered ( Table 1 ; Feder et Al. 2007 ) , some of which have non been sufficiently validated such as urine antigen trials, immunofluorescent staining for cell wall-deficient signifiers of B. burgdorferi, and lymphocyte transmutation trials ( CDC ) Most normally used and recommended trials are blood trials that step antibodies made in response to the infection. These trials are rather reliable for naming ulterior phases of disea se, but it can be falsely negative in patients with early disease. Some patients with early Lyme disease who are treated with antibiotics will non bring forth antibody response to infection, which will ensue in continuously negative serologic trial consequences. ( Ogden et al. 2008 ) Even with those methods of diagnosing, it is really difficult to stipulate CLD from the early phases of Lyme disease. In some patients, symptoms reoccur after the intervention or symptoms ne'er go off in other instances. ( Klempner et al. 2001 ) The word â€Å" chronic † has been used to Lyme disease widely. There are some illustrations where other diseases use the term â€Å" chronic. † For case, there is a â€Å" chronic neuroborreliosis † in Europe, and it is referred as when patients show late neurologic manifestations of untreated or inadequately treated infection. Besides, United States has studies patients with recurrent or relentless arthritis that lasts for up to several old ages, most likely because of active infection. ( Feder et al. 2007 ) However, although there are no definite trials to name CLD yet, there are four classs that can be used as a diagnosing of CLD depending on patient ‘s status. ( Feder et al. 2007 ) ( Figure 2 ) Class 1 patients do non hold laboratory grounds or nonsubjective clinical manifestations of B. burgdorferi, and they receive a diagnosing based on the presence of non-specific symptoms such as dark perspiration, weariness, depression, and concern. Category 2 patients have identifiable unwellnesss or syndromes other than Lyme disease, and patients may or may non hold a history of Lyme disease. Category 3 patients have symptoms of unknown cause, with antibodies against B. burgdorferi but no history of nonsubjective clinical findings that are consistent with Lyme disease. Last, category 4 patients have symptoms associated with post-Lyme disease syndrome. Sing the tests and the experiments presented, it is non difficult to state that the decision should be tilting towards to the being of CLD. Although symptoms vary among patients showing HTE ( Marques 2008 ) , these classs can be a good index to place a patient in CLD patient pool. Furthermore, although there is no trial to corroborate presence of CLD, there is besides no clinically available proving up to day of the month to turn out that B. burgdorferi infection has been eradicated. However, there has been some proving demonstrated, that B. burgdorferi can stay in animate beings and worlds in an infective province, even after with recommended antibiotic intervention. ( Hodzic et al. 2008 )TreatmentThe following inquiry that arises sing CLD is its intervention. Since authorities ( CDC ) clarified their place with the being of CLD and confirmed it as a legitimate diagnosing, except some of those scientists who strongly deny the diagnosing, the contention about CLD moved onto the intervention of CLD. Some scientists claim that antibiotics should be used as a intervention ( Green 2009, Klempner 2007, and Fallon et Al. 2007, ) while other scientists say antibiotics should non be recommended as a intervention. ( Hodzic et al. 2008 ) Generally, for early Lyme diseas e, a short class of unwritten antibiotics such as Vibramycin or Amoxil is curative in the greater portion of the instances. In more complex instances, Lyme disease can normally be successfully treated with 3 toA 4 hebdomads of antibiotic therapy, and so far, it is the lone intervention for Lyme disease. ( Fallon et al. 2007 ) However, there is no solid remedy for CLD and it is a really sensitive issue whether antibiotics should be used or non for this diagnosing. There are several surveies conducted demoing reoccurrence of Lyme disease symptoms and betterment of symptoms with drawn-out antibiotic intervention. ( Green 2009, Klempner et Al. 2001, Fallon et Al. 2007, and Oksi 2007 ) Some patients treated with antibiotics for CLD in a dual blind, placebo-controlled re-treatment surveies ( Fallon et al. 2007 ) , which have neurocognitive via media and weariness, acquire better upon re-treatment with 3-10 hebdomads of Ceftriaxone. ( Fallon et al. 2007 ) discovered that patients re-treated for partial response/failure improved in parametric quantities of weariness, hurting and functionality. They besides found that neurocognitive via media did non heighten, even though Fallon found that patients improved at the three-month measuring, but did non keep betterment at the six-month measuring. Oksi ( 2007 ) conducted a partial re-treatment test and partial new patients. All patients were treated with Ceftriaxone for 3 hebdomads and improved 79 % for both new oncoming borreliosis and return or continuity. This survey was intended to prove if longer interventions after 3 hebdomads of IV Ceftriaxone had an improved result. In this survey, 10 hebdomads of farther intervention with unwritten Amoxicillin ( 1500mg a twenty-four hours ) did non advance better result. This test has statistical restrictions due to HTE which makes it complicated to generalise the result to all station intervention Lyme patients. Although non all parametric quantities in survey of Fallon et Al. ( 2007 ) continued betterment, betterment in weariness is an highly of import result, frequently allowing handicapped patients to return to household life and work. Because of the power of these three surveies, length of the surveies, dependable methods they used, and big figure of topics, these surveies should be considered pilot surveies. As indicated earlier, there are several classs among CLD patients. Although antibiotics intervention was effectual in some patients, it is non clear whether it should be introduced to all patients who suffer from CLD, since the maltreatment of antibiotics could ensue in have considerable damage in their health-related quality of life. A survey was conducted by Mark Klempner in 2001 ( Klempner 2001 ) demoing the serious damage of health-related life quality after the long period debut to the antibiotics.DecisionAs demonstrated, response of Lyme patients to the same therapy is different from patient to patient, clear uping that Chronic Lyme patient exhibit Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects ( HTE ) . This besides makes it difficult to name the presence of CLD in persons. However, clinical groundss indicate that there is a disease that can be classified as CLD. CLD can go terrible. The restrictions in physical operation can be harming quality of life in a serious manner. One survey ( Klempner 2001 ) described the quality of life for patients who suffer from CLD as the same to that of patients with degenerative arthritis or congestive bosom failure, and patients physical damage was greater than damage of patients with type 2 diabetes or a recent myocardial infarction. Fallon et Al. ( 2007 ) described the weariness reported by patients with CLD was likewise to that of patients with multiple induration ( MS ) and their hurting was similar to those of postsurgery patients. Cautiously designed, placebo-controlled surveies have been successful to demo that drawn-out antibiotic therapy is good in certain instances. Even though stray success instances are ever good to hear, such studies entirely are non plenty evidences to prolong a curative attack. Therefore, it is of import for clinicians to recognize the significance of intervention in single patients who is enduring from CLD and the effort to happen a clear declaration should be pursued in farther tests and experiments.

Influence of Visual Media Paper

?The Various forms of visual entertainment media shape American culture and its values is by Visual entertainment media has shaped American culture and values in many ways. There are so many forms of entertainment nowadays that it has cause many of us including our children to forget what is more important. For example we now use the Internet to rely on so many things, like information. When at one point in time we would use books or newspapers. Video games, Internet, cell phones and things like this have taken away from our values of taking time out to enjoy a book.The children of today won’t even take time out to play outside they are more concerned with playing their video games. There was a time where children played outside every day and that was a form of exercise but now all they want to do is watch television, play games and be on the Internet and their cell phones. Visual media influences the diffusion or spread of various cultural traits, including food habits, dress ing, and entertainment. Different forms of visual media, such as television and films, provide materials from which we establish a sense of selfhood, sexuality, class, and even race.Further to this, visual media shapes the way we view the world by influencing what we consider to be right or wrong, positive or negative, and moral or immoral. The social influences of the visual entertainment media have been more negative than positive. For example YouTube has millions of video up where most of them depict something of negativity or something of no substance. There are so many videos of people fighting than there are of someone speaking out to promote non-violence. There are also sexually explicit videos where you see a person has millions of hits.Also movies have become so much more violent these days that young people are easily influenced by them, kids look up to famous actors/actresses. I think it is up to us as parents to make sure we monitor what our children do. Over the years, various forms of visual entertainment media have had some influence on the American culture. Visual entertainment media, for instance, exposes us to different kinds of music and dancing styles. When we are repeatedly exposed to these forms of entertainment, we gradually accept it as a way of life and eventually start practicing the same.Celebrity figures in visual entertainment media also influences our lifestyles. Visual media describes such persons as exceptionally talented and successful in various ways. As a result, we tend to view them as perfect role models and strive to adopt their lifestyles. For instance, the increased use of aerated drinks among Americans can be attributed to the commercial ads aired on TV with popular celebrities as the subject. As well, the rapid spread of various types of youth subculture, such as Goth subculture, can be attributed to visual media.Visual media also exposes us to nudism, cruelty, criminality, violence, unfairness, and other antisocial el ements. These elements of visual media entertainment constantly have shaped various aspects of the American culture. The influence of visual media in today's world has shaped American culture in many ways. People can be influenced with visual media because they can find it relatable. They relate to the person on a television show going through a rough time or a good time in their lives.People influenced by people on television that they look up to. For example if you are watching basketball and you see Michal Jordan wearing the newest shoes that have come out that will make you want to wear them thinking you can be like him. While with television shows, you may not look up to or influenced by the actor you are influenced by the character he plays on television. The way America visual media has shaped is because it is relatable and we are influenced by what we see. This may also change the way we think about cretin things.Such as if you decide that your son or daughter will not date until they are 18 but, you then see on television a 15 year old going on a date you then may change your mind about your son or daughter going on a date. If you hear swear words on television, you may find them inappropriate at first but you then start to use them yourself. It is as if people have grown numb to them existing. However there are good things about visual media other than changing your mind about things. It could inspire to be a better person or get a better job.This may push you harder to reach your goals that you have set for yourself. Some say that watching television is a way to learn. For example show like Dora the Explorer, Blue's Clues, and Bill Nye the Science Guy are said to teach you new things. In conclusion visual media influence social behavior and attitudes when we began to do what we see online, television, or movies. We have to get back to the basics like reading more books, watching the news, and not focus so much on the Internet, video games, movies, a nd cell phones.

Police - Power and Corruption essays

Police - Power and Corruption essays Twenty-four hours a day, three hundred sixty-five days a year, the police have a mandate to enforce the criminal law and preserve public peace. Understood in this mandate is an obligation to police everyday life matters that originate in the daily lives and activities of citizens within their community. Police interact in some form with the average citizen more often than any other government official. In society today the police play a key role in maintaining a civil society. This role assumes a substantial amount of power and authority over the general public. With power comes corruption and/or misuse of power. The question that is presented is, how and why do the police exceed the parameters of their power and authority? This is an issue that is predominant in urban settings, but not exclusive to these settings. This is an important issue because it affects all people. The police is a government service to all people, but all people do not feel they are being serviced. Not everyone is satisfied with the conduct of the police. Why do people feel that police are crossing boundaries that they should not be? This will be observed from four different aspects in which police are capable of exceeding the parameters of their power and authority: police and use of discretionary enforcement, Police justice," police harassment, and the unwarranted use of police authority. Police are allowed to and must use personal discretion in their determination of law enforcement. Unlike a judge or lawyer a police officer can not gather information and take time to make a prognosis to make a decision affecting the fate of a person. He must make a quick decision based on his discretion to determine the fate of a person. A quick decision is required to protect the interests of the public and to satisfy requirements of operating efficiency. It sounds like we are telling officer to not enforce the law, but to determine the law. A policeman's di...

Essay Sample on Human Resource Organizational Research

Essay Sample on Human Resource Organizational Research 1.0 Introduction Member of staff satisfaction and empowerment are fundamental components to businesses in most industries (torraco 85). the industry of construction has an assortment of types of members of staff, varying from administrators and senior managers to on-site overseers and manual workers (beardwell and claydon 53). this study was carried out to achieve a better perceptive regarding the essentials and levels of contentment and empowerment of on-site overseers in the housing industry of construction. an on-site overseer in the housing industry of construction is liable for synchronizing and organizing members of staff, supplies, equipment, making financial arrangements, planning, indentures, and the wellbeing of members of staff and the populace in general (holbeche and springett 12). they are also members of staff most recurrently professed as liable for the triumph or malfunction of any task. trailing a detailed assessment of the correlated writing, a questionnaire was structured to find out the levels of satisfaction and empowerment of on-site controllers. this opinion poll was overseen in the form of an interview and it was revealed that a noteworthy correspondence subsisted amid satisfaction and empowerment. 2.0 Structure of the interview Questions Subjects 1 to 10 were planned to find demographic information concerning the on site controllers. demographic queries that were incorporated in the study aimed at the onsite controller’s age, sex, nuptial standing, edification, industry familiarity, incidence with precedent and current administrators, career title, present position of the profession, and sum of built-up units the interviewee’s company put up per annum. subjects 11, 14, 20, and 28 classified whether the members of staff feel esteemed by the company. subjects 17, 19, and 26 classified if members of staff got adequate training to execute the allocated tasks. subjects 22 and 25 classified the members of staff level of expectations and assurance in administrators and executives. queries 12, 21, and 24 classified if members of staff had the ability to under take the requisite tasks. subjects 13, 15, 18, and 23 classified if members of staff had any contribution or involvement in choosing how their work necess ities will be accomplished. subjects 16 and 27 classified if members of staff are held responsible and answerable for their doings by acme administration. the 18th subjects obliquely measured the on-site controllers’ intensity of satisfaction and empowerment. subject 29 and 30 were straight queries permitting the members of staff to document their level of satisfaction or empowerment. lastly, queries 31, 32 and 33 were accustomed to identify the highest five fundamentals on-site controllers thought led to member of staff satisfaction and empowerment. the main questions, which were 11-30, were accustomed to appraise conduct and point of view of the members of staff. Aforementioned to conducting the interview, deakin university’s institutional review board was made contact with, and authorization was approved to carry out this study. the institute’s board’s key rationale is to protect the civil liberties and interests of human study issues. consistent with university guiding principles, any study considered to seek information from individual subjects must be pre-commended by a review commission. 3.0 Findings One of the functions of this study was to find out if the on-site controller in the housing construction industry were contented with their employment. the study confirmed that when on-site controllers were requested to gauge their level of satisfaction rooted in one undeviating subject, one on-site controller acted in response as satisfied, whereas the other acted in response as unsatisfied. A different intention of this study was to find out if on-site controllers in the housing construction industry were sanctioned enough to accomplish post tasks. the information discovered that when on-site controllers were requested to gauge their level of empowerment rooted in one undeviating subject, one on-site controller acted in response that he was empowered and the other on-site controller accounted that he was neither empowered nor underpowered. from the review, three foremost rudiments that throw in most to members of staff satisfaction were acknowledged. these three basics, in no exacting arrangement, were: worth, implying an employee’s insight of his importance to the firm (saks 600) and (purcell 54). training, connoting the quantity and eminence of training a member of staff gets from the firm. management, denoting the self-assurance a member of staff has in persons in charge and administrators of the firm as well as the maintenance the administrators and executives give the members of staff (gubman 42) and (brown 26). these fundamentals of satisfaction were not particular to the industry of construction. this study also exposed the peak basics on-site controllers feel put in most to members of staff satisfaction. the pinnacle five factors in order of implication are:   recognition and positive reception. this matches with an on-site controller being accredited by the administration in one way or another for carrying out tasks and tasks.   financial reimbursement. this denotes the reparation an on-site controller obtains in the course of a yearly salary and end of year extras.   work surroundings. this comprise regularly of the working association an on-site controller has with colleagues.   encroachment prospects. this incorporates not only elevating in the firm but undertaking more accountability within a specified work depiction.   remuneration and perquisites, which incorporate the whole lot from healthiness packages to automobile stipends. from the review of the literature, the three main aspects that put in nearly all members of staff empowerment were acknowledged. these three aspects, in no exact sequence, were: authority, implying the intensity of control given to an on-site controller for purpose of accomplishing job tasks. involvements, meaning the level of involvement and contribution on-site controllers have concerning their job tasks. accountability, meaning the conscientiousness and answerability an on-site controller has been given in regards to projects and tasks related to the job. this study in addition exposed the apex facets on-site controllers feel put in most to employee empowerment. the facets are:   lack of restrictions and independence   sharing of information.   guidance   supremacy and control.   administration support. 4.0 Satisfaction and Empowerment Correlation Derived from the review and the outcome of this study, when an employer sanctions the on-site controllers, an affirmative response should take place (fisher 1). for the reason that an on-site controller ought to now be empowered, the eminence of the product or services offered ought to boost since the increase in accountability, incentive, and satisfaction empowerment necessitates. ingenious and inventive thoughts should compel the constant enhancement of procedures, products, and services (cufaude 25). members of staff should be capable of rapidly gratifying client demands, hence improving client contentment and rising sales and the sine qua non. additionally, as the altitude of empowerment boosts, the echelon of contentment should also augment (bowditch and buono 78). this boost in fulfillment should decrease employee turnover and non-attendance, maintaining projects on time and at an elevated level of excellence. work-site safety should also advance and member of staff should be prolific. 5.0 Evaluation Summary This study has raised key aspects member of staff can concentrate on to perk up the level of satisfaction and empowerment of its members of staff. it was also revealed that a connection subsists amid empowerment and satisfaction, and the augmentation of one of the variables has a direct upshot on the other. as a result, by improving contentment, empowerment will be optimistically impinged on; and correspondingly, when on-site controllers are sanctioned, their job fulfillment perks up. Different suggestions for future study are suggested by the results of this study. the first proposal would be to get more detailed with the study. for instance, this study could be aimed at on-site controllers who only work for minute-capacity housing companies of construction. an additional suggestion would be to carry out the study with construction members of staff whose occupation tasks fluctuate from those of an on-site controller. these studies may include construction manual workers, estimators, central administration, or senior managers. lastly, another correlated subject for future study recommended by this report would be to get hold of a clearer perceptive of administration’s outlook toward contented and sanctioned members of staff. are the alleged advantages of contentment and empowerment prevailed over by the expenses? perchance by making out and surveying a corporation in the industry of construction that identifies with and implements the aspects that lead to member of staff fulfillment and empowerment, new perceptive about members of staff contentment and empowerment and their execution course of action would be revealed. 6.0 Work Cited Beardwell, j. and claydon, t. human resource management: a modern approach. 5th ed. harlow, prentice hall. 2007. 53. print. Bowditch, j. and buono, a. a primer on organizational behavior. 5th ed. new york: john wiley. 2001. 78. print. Brown, r. doing your exposition in business and management: the realism of studying and writing. london: sage. 2006. 26. print. Cufaude, j. in lanphear, s. are your employees highly engaged? credit union executive newsletter. usa: credit union national association. 2004. 25. print. Fisher, c. studying and writing an exposition for business students. harlow, prentice hall. 2004. 19, 1-2. print. Gubman, e. from engagement to passion for work: the search for the missing person. human resources planning. 2004. pp42. print. Holbeche, l. and springett, n. in search of meaning in the workplace. horsham: roffey park. 2003. 12. print. Purcell, j. change agenda, reflections on employee engagement. london, cipd. 2006. print. Saks, a.m. antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. journal of managerial psychology. 2006. vol 21, no 6, pp600. print. Torraco, r.j. work design theory: a review and critique with implications for human resource development. human resource development quarterly. 2005. vol 16, no 1, pp85. print.

Religious-Discrimination Claims on the Rise Article

Religious-Discrimination Claims on the Rise - Article Example Managers are torn between respecting strict religious doctrines observed by employees and balancing between codes of dressings as envisaged in the firm’s organizational culture. The continued intermixing of work and faith creates a complex scenario for managers. The situation is worse when employees are expected to perform their duties that contradict with their faiths. For instance, transportation companies are finding it difficult to have Muslim and some Christians drivers transport alcohol and other products that contradict their faith. One of the factors that have been said to lead to employees’ increased advocacy for their rights is increased immigrants in the country. As people sharing a similar faith increase, they gain power and courage to sanction managers to respect their religious rights in organizations. This explains the doubling of religious discrimination cases in the last 15 years, as reported by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. However, cons idering that most religious discrimination cases are brought by immigrants, the reported cases are way below other discriminations based on age and sex. The low figures may also be explained from the view that most people are afraid of negative publicity and losing their jobs. Employees in such a case will carry out their duties to maintain their careers. On the same, note most reported cases involve the code of dressing and objection to carrying out duties that contradict with one’s faith of allegiance, compared to a case that involve refusal to observe worship days. This is because organizations do try to observe days of worship for different employees, though the code of dressing affects the company’s looks to its clients, and refusals to carry out allocated duties may imply absconding from duties. For instance, a Muslim faithful expected to transport alcohol from one point to the other is deemed by the company to have absconded from duty if he/she refuses to comply with such orders. This is the reason behind increased cases of religious discrimination reported to the EEOC. Federal court rulings have increased managers’ dilemmas as they have interpreted the law against discrimination in favor of the complainant, requiring companies to pay fines for not respecting people‘s beliefs. For instance, Abercrombie was required to pay a $71000 fine for refusing to hire two women wearing a hijab. To the company, such hijab were against their culture but to the federal courts, the company discriminated against the two women. This has added to the precarious situation that most managers face today. However, though EECO has tried to minimize such cases by talking to companies about the right to observe religious beliefs, companies have found a loophole to win these cases. Abercrombie got a reprieve from the Federal Appeals Court, which observed that the complainants had not indicated in writing that the head scarfs were of religious significan ce. Therefore, the company had not discriminated against the two. Therefore, the main requirement for such employees to get the right to exercise their religion is to request for accommodation, which the company would consider granting or not based on written submissions. Though the Civil Right Act of 1964 requires that employees accommodate employees from different faiths unless such accommodation may lead to hardships, the act is vague in the description of hardships. Consequently, it is upon the company to advance enough

Microeconmoics problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Microeconmoics problems - Essay Example When the first customer is admitted, the marginal benefit ($15.25) exceeds the marginal cost of that customer ($14). When the second customer is admitted, the marginal benefit of $15.25 received exceeds the marginal cost of $14.5 of admitting the second customer. Similarly, when the third customer is admitted, the marginal benefit ($15.25) of admitting the third customer exceeds the marginal cost ($15). However, if the fourth customer is admitted, marginal cost ($15.5) exceeds the marginal benefit ($15.25). Hence 3 customers should be admitted per hour to earn an optimum profit. b) If the price of one-hour workout is increased to $16.25, five customers should be admitted. If more than 5 customers are admitted, marginal cost will exceed marginal benefit. Question 8: a) The cost of taking an additional class for Lauren $20. The optimal number of classes should be where the marginal benefit of taking a class exceeds its marginal cost. When Lauren takes 1 class, her marginal benefit ($23 ) exceeds the marginal cost ($20). But if Lauren takes the second class, her marginal cost of $20 exceeds the marginal benefit of $19. Hence Lauren’s optimal number of karate class per week is one. b) Georgia’s optimal number of karate classes per week is 2 since when she takes two classes; her marginal benefit of $22 exceeds her marginal cost of $20. Question 12: The following table shows the marginal cost and marginal benefit De Beers receive at each quantity of diamond produced: Quantity of Diamonds Total benefit ($) Marginal Benefit ($) Total cost ($) Marginal cost ($) 0 0 0 0 0 1 1000 1000 50 50 2 1900 900 100 50 3 2700 800 200 100 4 3400 700 400 200 5 4000 600 800 400 6 4500 500 1500 700 7 4900 400 2500 1000 8 5200 300 3800 1300 As shown above, De Beers marginal cost of producing the sixth diamond exceeds the marginal revenue received. Hence De Beers should produce five diamonds as this is the optimal quantity of diamonds De Beers should produce to maximize its t otal gain. The above graph shows that De Beers should produce 5 diamonds. If De Beers produce more than 5 diamonds, the marginal cost will exceed the marginal benefit which will reduce the overall benefit of De Beers. c) The following table shows that De Beers earns the gains the highest when 5 diamonds are produced. De Beers’ highest net gain is $3200 if 5 diamonds are produced. Total benefit ($) Total cost ($) Net gain ($) 0 0 0 1000 50 950 1900 100 1800 2700 200 2500 3400 400 3000 4000 800 3200 4500 1500 3000 4900 2500 2400 5200 3800